{"id":3567,"date":"2026-07-20T10:56:32","date_gmt":"2026-07-20T07:56:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ivasanat.com\/blog\/?p=3567"},"modified":"2026-07-20T10:56:34","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T07:56:34","slug":"gravur-sanati-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ivasanat.com\/blog\/gravur-sanati-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Grav\u00fcr Sanat\u0131 Nedir? Bask\u0131 Resim Teknikleri ve Tarih\u00e7esi Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Grav\u00fcr sanat\u0131,<\/strong> y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n imgeleri \u00e7o\u011faltmak ve geni\u015f kitlelere ula\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici bir bask\u0131 resim tekni\u011fidir. Bir kal\u0131p \u00fczerine \u00e7e\u015fitli aletler veya kimyasallar yard\u0131m\u0131yla kaz\u0131nan desenlerin ka\u011f\u0131da aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 esas\u0131na dayanan bu disiplin, g\u00f6rsel k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131nda devrim niteli\u011finde bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ah\u015fap, metal veya ta\u015f gibi farkl\u0131 materyallerin ustal\u0131kla i\u015flendi\u011fi bu \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, kendi ba\u015f\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve son derece k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir ifade bi\u00e7imidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grav\u00fcr Sanat\u0131 Nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Grav\u00fcr sanat\u0131 nedir<\/strong> sorusuna verilecek en kapsay\u0131c\u0131 yan\u0131t; ah\u015fap, metal (bak\u0131r, \u00e7inko), ta\u015f veya linolyum gibi sert y\u00fczeylerin \u00f6zel oyma aletleri veya kimyasal asitler yard\u0131m\u0131yla i\u015flenmesi ve elde edilen bu kal\u0131plardaki desenlerin m\u00fcrekkeplenerek pres yard\u0131m\u0131yla ka\u011f\u0131da aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015flemidir. Bu sanat dal\u0131, orijinal bir sanat eserinin (kal\u0131b\u0131n) bizzat sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n eliyle haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve bu kal\u0131ptan s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da, numaraland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zg\u00fcn bask\u0131lar elde edilmesi esas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. \u00c7izgilerin kal\u0131ba oyulma derinli\u011fi, y\u00fczeyin dokusu ve uygulanan m\u00fcrekkebin yo\u011funlu\u011fu, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan eserin estetik karakterini belirleyen temel unsurlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grav\u00fcr Sanat\u0131n\u0131n Tarih\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bask\u0131 resim teknikleri<\/strong> aras\u0131nda en k\u00f6kl\u00fc ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip olan grav\u00fcr\u00fcn k\u00f6kenleri, antik \u00e7a\u011flardaki m\u00fch\u00fcr oymac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve Uzak Do\u011fu’daki erken d\u00f6nem ah\u015fap kal\u0131p denemelerine kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7in’de MS 2. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n icad\u0131yla birlikte ilk ilkel bask\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, 8. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise Budist metinlerin \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131nda ah\u015fap kal\u0131plar sistemli olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Avrupa’da ise 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fcretiminin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve matbaan\u0131n icad\u0131yla birlikte, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta oyun ka\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 ve dini ikonalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan bu teknikler, h\u0131zla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir g\u00fczel sanat dal\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grav\u00fcr\u00fcn Sanat Tarihindeki Yeri ve \u00d6nemi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Grav\u00fcr sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong>, eserlerini sadece tek bir tuvale hapsetmek ve tek bir aristokrat\u0131n duvar\u0131na asmak yerine, y\u00fczlerce kopya \u00fcreterek sanat\u0131n demokratikle\u015fmesine e\u015fsiz bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminde \u0130talya ve Kuzey Avrupa aras\u0131ndaki sanatsal fikir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi, usta ressamlar\u0131n tablolar\u0131n\u0131n grav\u00fcr kopyalar\u0131 halinde k\u0131ta boyunca dola\u015fmas\u0131 sayesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6rsel bilgi, bilimsel \u00e7izimler, haritalar ve mimari planlar bu sanat sayesinde kitlelere ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f; b\u00f6ylece grav\u00fcr, sadece estetik bir ara\u00e7 olmaktan \u00f6te, Ayd\u0131nlanma \u00c7a\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ileti\u015fim ve e\u011fitim medyas\u0131 i\u015flevini \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grav\u00fcr Sanat\u0131nda Kullan\u0131lan Malzemeler<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Grav\u00fcr teknikleri<\/strong>, uygulanacak y\u00f6ntemin fiziksel ve kimyasal do\u011fas\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli, spesifik ve profesyonel sanatsal materyallerin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ana kal\u0131p olarak genellikle bak\u0131r, \u00e7inko veya \u00e7elik plakalar, sert ah\u015fap bloklar (\u00f6rne\u011fin \u015fim\u015fir veya armut a\u011fac\u0131) ve litografi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel Bavyera kire\u00e7ta\u015flar\u0131 tercih edilmektedir. Kal\u0131b\u0131 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in \u00e7elik u\u00e7lu kaz\u0131ma kalemleri (burin, maktel), asit sol\u00fcsyonlar\u0131 (nitrik asit veya demir klor\u00fcr) ve re\u00e7ine tozlar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Haz\u0131rlanan kal\u0131b\u0131 ka\u011f\u0131da aktarmak i\u00e7in ise y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygulayan metal silindirli pres makineleri, kau\u00e7uk merdaneler ve \u00f6zel form\u00fcll\u00fc, yo\u011fun pigmentli bask\u0131 m\u00fcrekkepleri temel gereksinimlerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grav\u00fcr Teknikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bask\u0131 resim teknikleri<\/strong>, malzemenin i\u015flenme bi\u00e7imine ve m\u00fcrekkebin tutundu\u011fu y\u00fczeye g\u00f6re y\u00fcksek bask\u0131 (r\u00f6lyef), \u00e7ukur bask\u0131 (intaglio) ve d\u00fcz bask\u0131 (planografi) olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 temel kategoriye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n yaratmak istedi\u011fi g\u00f6rsel etkiye g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilen ba\u015fl\u0131ca y\u00f6ntemler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orijinal Sanat Eseri Sat\u0131n Alma Rehberi<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Ah\u015fap Bask\u0131 (Grav\u00fcr) – Xylografi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tarihin bilinen en eski bask\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi olan ah\u015fap bask\u0131 grav\u00fcr<\/strong>, y\u00fcksek bask\u0131 prensibiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Sanat\u00e7\u0131, ah\u015fap blo\u011fun y\u00fczeyini keskin aletlerle oyarak ka\u011f\u0131tta beyaz kalmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fi alanlar\u0131 bo\u015falt\u0131r. M\u00fcrekkep, oyulmam\u0131\u015f ve y\u00fcksekte kalm\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeylere merdane ile s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu teknik, keskin, kal\u0131n siyah-beyaz kontrastlar\u0131 ve ah\u015fab\u0131n do\u011fal damar dokusunu ka\u011f\u0131da yans\u0131tmas\u0131yla bilinir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Bak\u0131r Bask\u0131 – \u015eakulama (Burin) Tekni\u011fi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Metal \u00fczerine uygulanan en eski \u00e7ukur bask\u0131 (intaglio) y\u00f6ntemidir. \u00c7elik u\u00e7lu ve V \u015feklinde bir alet olan burin ile bak\u0131r grav\u00fcr<\/strong> plakas\u0131 do\u011frudan fiziksel g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131larak oyulur. Oyulan bu ince kanallara m\u00fcrekkep yedirilir ve y\u00fczeydeki fazla m\u00fcrekkep silinerek temizlenir. Presin devasa bas\u0131nc\u0131 sayesinde ka\u011f\u0131t bu \u00e7ukurlar\u0131n i\u00e7ine girerek m\u00fcrekkebi emer. Banknotlardaki o inan\u0131lmaz ince ve keskin \u00e7izgiler bu tekni\u011fin bir sonucudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Asit Bask\u0131 – Asitle A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma (Etching)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fiziksel g\u00fc\u00e7 yerine kimyasal bir reaksiyonun kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 asit bask\u0131 tekni\u011fi<\/strong>, sanat\u00e7\u0131ya adeta bir kalemle ka\u011f\u0131da \u00e7izim yap\u0131yormu\u015f\u00e7as\u0131na serbestlik sunar. Metal plaka (genellikle \u00e7inko veya bak\u0131r) asitten etkilenmeyen balmumu bazl\u0131 bir vernikle kaplan\u0131r. Sanat\u00e7\u0131 sivri bir u\u00e7la bu verni\u011fi \u00e7izerek alttaki metali a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Plaka asit banyosuna dald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, asit sadece \u00e7izilen yerleri a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rarak \u00e7ukurlar olu\u015fturur. Modern sanatta yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bu etching tekni\u011fi<\/strong>, yumu\u015fak ve titrek \u00e7izgiler elde etmek i\u00e7in kusursuzdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Kuru Kaz\u0131ma (Drypoint)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Metal plakan\u0131n asit veya vernik kullan\u0131lmadan, sert \u00e7elik veya elmas u\u00e7lu bir i\u011fneyle do\u011frudan \u00e7izilmesidir. \u0130\u011fne metali kaz\u0131rken \u00e7izginin kenarlar\u0131nda mikroskobik metal \u00e7apaklar\u0131 (burr) b\u0131rak\u0131r. M\u00fcrekkeplenme a\u015famas\u0131nda bu \u00e7apaklar fazla m\u00fcrekkep tuttu\u011fu i\u00e7in ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde kadifemsi, yumu\u015fak ve flu bir \u00e7izgi etkisi yarat\u0131r. Ancak presin bas\u0131nc\u0131 bu \u00e7apaklar\u0131 h\u0131zla ezece\u011fi i\u00e7in, bu y\u00f6ntemden elde edilecek kaliteli bask\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 olduk\u00e7a s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Mezzotint Tekni\u011fi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Lekesel de\u011ferlerin ve yumu\u015fak ton ge\u00e7i\u015flerinin arand\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserler i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir \u00e7ukur bask\u0131 tekni\u011fidir. “Rocker” ad\u0131 verilen di\u015fli bir aletle metal plaka tamamen p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fc hale getirilerek siyah bir zemin olu\u015fturulur. Ard\u0131ndan sanat\u00e7\u0131, \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 (beyaz) kalmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fi alanlar\u0131 ezerek ve parlatarak d\u00fczle\u015ftirir. Bu teknik, karanl\u0131ktan ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan, dramatik \u0131\u015f\u0131k-g\u00f6lge oyunlar\u0131 i\u00e7in e\u015fsiz bir y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Litografi (Ta\u015f Bask\u0131)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Litografi nedir<\/strong> sorusu, su ve ya\u011f\u0131n birbirine kar\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 prensibine dayanan “d\u00fcz bask\u0131” (planografi) tekni\u011fi ile yan\u0131tlanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zel bir kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerine ya\u011fl\u0131 bir kalem veya m\u00fcrekkeple \u00e7izim yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ta\u015f daha sonra kimyasal bir sol\u00fcsyonla silinir ve \u0131slat\u0131l\u0131r. Ya\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fcrekkep s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, su ile kapl\u0131 \u0131slak alanlar m\u00fcrekkebi iterken, sadece ya\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7izimin oldu\u011fu yerler m\u00fcrekkebi tutar. Serbest f\u0131r\u00e7a darbelerine ve renkli bask\u0131lara b\u00fcy\u00fck olanak sa\u011flayan bu teknik, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda afi\u015f sanat\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grav\u00fcr Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r? Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m S\u00fcre\u00e7<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Grav\u00fcr nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r<\/strong> sorusunun pratik yan\u0131t\u0131, se\u00e7ilen metoda g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterse de temelde tasar\u0131m, kaz\u0131ma, m\u00fcrekkepleme ve bask\u0131 olmak \u00fczere disiplinli evrensel a\u015famalardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle kal\u0131p y\u00fczeyi (ah\u015fap, ta\u015f veya metal) tamamen p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz hale getirilerek temizlenir. Tasar\u0131m\u0131n ayna g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc (tersi) kal\u0131ba aktar\u0131l\u0131r ve se\u00e7ilen tekni\u011fe g\u00f6re y\u00fczey fiziksel olarak oyulur ya da asitle a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Oyma i\u015flemi bittikten sonra kal\u0131ba spatula veya merdane ile m\u00fcrekkep yedirilir (\u00e7ukur bask\u0131larda y\u00fczeydeki fazla m\u00fcrekkep tarlatan beziyle silinir). \u00d6nceden nemlendirilmi\u015f \u00f6zel pamuklu bask\u0131 ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 kal\u0131b\u0131n \u00fczerine yerle\u015ftirilir ve t\u00fcm katmanlar y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 presten ge\u00e7irilir. Ka\u011f\u0131t dikkatlice kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, eser t\u00fcm dokusuyla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diego Velazquez Kimdir? Hayat\u0131, Sanat\u0131 ve Eserleri<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Grav\u00fcr Sanat\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6nemli Temsilcileri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Grav\u00fcr sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong>, tarih boyunca sadece zanaatkarlar olarak kalmam\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7izgilerin mimarisiyle g\u00f6rsel k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u015fekillendiren \u00f6nc\u00fc dehalar olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminde Albrecht D\u00fcrer, ah\u015fap ve bak\u0131r bask\u0131lar\u0131yla tekni\u011fi sanatsal bir zirveye ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Rembrandt van Rijn, etching (asit oymas\u0131) tekni\u011finin tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z en b\u00fcy\u00fck ustas\u0131 olarak \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fsiz bir ustal\u0131kla i\u015flemi\u015ftir. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Francisco Goya, aquatint (lekesel asit oymas\u0131) tekni\u011fini kullanarak “Sava\u015f\u0131n Felaketleri” serisiyle toplumun karanl\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc belgelemi\u015f; modern d\u00f6nemde ise Pablo Picasso, litografi ve linolyum bask\u0131da kurallar\u0131 y\u0131kan yenilik\u00e7i eserlere imza atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modern ve \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Sanatta Grav\u00fcr<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bask\u0131 resim teknikleri<\/strong>, dijital devrimin ve modern matbaac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fmesiyle birlikte ticari kopyalama i\u015flevini yitirmi\u015f olsa da, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f sanat d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki estetik de\u011ferini ve koleksiyon prestijini hi\u00e7bir zaman kaybetmemi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 bu geleneksel teknikleri foto\u011frafik transferler, dijital bask\u0131lar ve farkl\u0131 malzemelerle (mixed media) harmanlayarak s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 zorlamaktad\u0131r. Eserlerin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 edisyonlar (\u00f6rne\u011fin 1\/50, 2\/50 \u015feklinde) halinde numaraland\u0131r\u0131larak sanat\u00e7\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan imzalanmas\u0131, g\u00fcncel sanat piyasas\u0131nda bu eserlerin orijinalli\u011fini ve sanatsal yat\u0131r\u0131m de\u011ferini korumas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grav\u00fcr Sanat\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Grav\u00fcr sanat\u0131 nedir<\/strong> ve teknik uygulama ad\u0131mlar\u0131 nelerdir ba\u011flam\u0131nda, sanat galerilerinde, at\u00f6lye e\u011fitimlerinde ve akademik platformlarda en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sorular\u0131n nesnel yan\u0131tlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da derlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grav\u00fcr bir orijinal eser midir, yoksa kopya m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bir sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan kendi eliyle haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kal\u0131ptan, kendisinin veya bir usta bask\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n denetiminde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da bas\u0131lan ve numaraland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p imzalanan her bir grav\u00fcr, sanat tarihinde “orijinal sanat eseri” (\u00f6zg\u00fcn bask\u0131) olarak kabul edilmektedir. Matbaa kopyalar\u0131ndan veya dijital posterlerden tamamen farkl\u0131 bir de\u011fere sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grav\u00fcr edisyon numaralar\u0131 ne anlama gelir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Eserin alt k\u00f6\u015fesinde bulunan 10\/50 gibi numaralar edisyon bilgisini verir. Bu durum, o eserden toplamda sadece 50 adet bas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve elinizdeki eserin bu serinin 10. kopyas\u0131 oldu\u011funu ifade eder. Edisyon say\u0131s\u0131 ne kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse, eserin sanat piyasas\u0131ndaki nadirli\u011fi ve maddi de\u011feri o kadar y\u00fcksek olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etching ve Engraving (Burin) aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Engraving (bak\u0131r oymas\u0131), sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n fiziksel g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak metali \u00e7elik bir aletle do\u011frudan kaz\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r; bu nedenle \u00e7izgiler daha keskin ve kontroll\u00fcd\u00fcr. Etching (asit oymas\u0131) ise koruyucu bir tabakan\u0131n \u00e7izilerek alt\u0131ndaki metalin asitle kimyasal olarak eritilmesi i\u015flemidir; bu da sanat\u00e7\u0131ya daha serbest, yumu\u015fak ve resimsel \u00e7izgiler elde etme imkan\u0131 tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Grav\u00fcr sanat\u0131, y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n imgeleri \u00e7o\u011faltmak ve geni\u015f kitlelere ula\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici bir bask\u0131 resim tekni\u011fidir. Bir kal\u0131p \u00fczerine \u00e7e\u015fitli aletler veya kimyasallar yard\u0131m\u0131yla kaz\u0131nan desenlerin ka\u011f\u0131da aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 esas\u0131na dayanan bu disiplin, g\u00f6rsel k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131nda devrim niteli\u011finde bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ah\u015fap, metal veya ta\u015f gibi farkl\u0131 materyallerin ustal\u0131kla i\u015flendi\u011fi bu \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, kendi ba\u015f\u0131na […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3577,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3567","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teknik-rehber"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ivasanat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3567","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ivasanat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ivasanat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ivasanat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ivasanat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3567"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ivasanat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3567\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3585,"href":"https:\/\/ivasanat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3567\/revisions\/3585"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ivasanat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3577"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ivasanat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3567"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ivasanat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3567"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ivasanat.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3567"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}